Yağlı Tohumlar ve Sert Kabuklu Meyvelerin Selenyum İçeriği ve Selenyumun İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkisi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29329/foodb.2023.570.02Keywords:
Sağlık, Selenyum, Yağlı tohumlar ve sert kabuklu meyvelerAbstract
Yağlı tohumlar ve kuruyemişler eski çağlardan beri insanların beslenmesinde önemli bir yere sahip olmuştur. Fındık, ceviz, badem, çam fıstığı, antep fıstığı, yer fıstığı, Brezilya fıstığı, kaju fıstığı, kabak çekirdeği ve ayçiçeği çekirdeğini içeren bu besin grupları, makro ve mikro besinler dahil olmak üzere birçok besin türünü içerir. Mikro besin ögeleri arasında bulunan selenyum, pekçok enzimatik faaliyetlerde yer alır. Elzem aminoasitler ile bileşik oluşturarak selenoperoteinleri oluşturur, ve oksidatif hasarı önlemede antioksidan gibi görev yapar. Yetişkin bireyin selenyum ihtiyacı çok düşük olmasına rağmen (55 mcg), yetersiz selenyum alımı tiroid bezlerinin iyot emilimini, bu hormonların yeniden üretilmesini ve metabolizmasını azaltabilir. Yiyeceklerin selenyum içerikleri, bitkilerin yetiştiği coğrafi bölgeye göre değişir. Bu nedenle bitki kaynaklı gıdaların selenyum içerikleri yetiştikleri toprağın selenyum içeriğini yansıtır. Yağlı tohumlar ve kabuklu yemişler selenyum açısından zengin görünüyor; bunların arasında Brezilya fıstığı en zengin selenyum kaynağıdır. Biyolojik yapısından dolayı selenyum, protein içeriği yüksek hayvansal gıdalarda daha fazla bulunur. Bununla birlikte, bitkisel ürünlerdeki selenyumun biyoyararlanımı hayvansal gıdalardan daha yüksektir. Bunun nedeni, bitkisel ürünlerde bulunan bir selenyum formu olan selenometiyoninin, diğer selenyum formlarına kıyasla daha yüksek bir biyoyararlanıma sahip olmasıdır ve selenometiyonin bitkisel ürünlerde daha baskındır. Bu derlemede, çeşitli gıda ürünlerinin selenyum içerikleri ve bunların sağlık üzerindeki etkileri hakkında olacaktır.
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