A Review on the Methodological Basis of Nature-Based Solution (NBS) Applications in Basin Restoration Projects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29329/silva.2023.518.06Keywords:
Applications, Ecological functionality, Nature-based solutions, Watershed indicatorsAbstract
Nature-based solutions (NBSs), a sustainable landscape restoration approach, covers rebuilding ecological functionality and integrity in a watershed. The objective of restoration with NBSs is to revitalize the ecosystems to provide and sustain multiple services. Therefore, it is more than just planting trees or rewetting wetlands. NBSs can provide effective landscape restoration and management tools but should be applied on a methodological basis to get the full benefits. The methodological basis includes the type and nature of NBS, the application principles, and the tools to assess the efficiency of the set of NBS applied. However, most literature on NBSs is theoretical, while practitioners need applicable guidance. In this paper, we reviewed the latest literature on the NBSs and tried to connect the theory with some practical examples. We also underlined that NBSs applied in landscape restoration should relate to watershed processes since streamflow and/or stream quality are significant performance indicators. The NBSs should strengthen the resiliency towards multiple stressors and disturbances in a landscape. The widespread stressors in Türkiye landscapes are related to water balance that compares precipitation and evapotranspiration. Therefore, we suggest Budyko theory application in evaluating NBS options instead of typical climate models. Overall, this paper defines NBSs, provides examples, discusses possible methodologies, and comes up with some practical conclusions. The points we discuss are the resiliency assessment approach, scale, and location of the application, identifying the problems in a watershed through adequate quantitative indicators, and setting up the thresholds planned to be achieved.References
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