Stand Structure and Morphological Characteristics of Bosnian Pine (Pinus heldreichii Christ) Seed Stands in Bosnia and Herzegovina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61326/silvaworld.v5i2.470Keywords:
Bosnian pine, Forest reproductive material, Mass selection, Phenotypic variability, Seed standsAbstract
The aim of this research is to assess the adaptive traits quality of seed stands and genetic conservation unit (GCU) of Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii Christ.) in Bosnia and Herzegovina and to recommend measures for the conservation and sustainable use of the species' forest genetic resources through the preservation of its genetic potential and the production of high-quality reproductive material. In this study, the adaptive traits and structure of four Bosnian pine seed stands in Bosnia and Herzegovina were analyzed. The investigated stands comprised one officially registered seed stand and three candidate seed stands that have been evaluated but are not yet officially registered. A total of 23 tree traits were assessed, including four measured and nineteen visually estimated traits. The results showed satisfactory seed stand quality for the traits studied in most of the investigated stands. Some stands exhibited very good quality, and individual selection should be carried out during re-evaluation and registration, whereas in other stands, a portion of trees needs to be removed to improve stand or stem quality. Given the high morphological variability, it is necessary to isolate a larger number of Bosnian pine seed objects. When selecting new seed stands, priority should be given to small stands growing under extreme environmental conditions, as they may harbor unique adaptive traits and genetic variation that are important for the conservation and sustainable use of forest genetic resources and for enhancing the resilience of future forest populations.
References
Ballian, D. (2000). Značaj rasadničke proizvodnje u cilju održanja i povećanja biodiverziteta. In Seminar: Sjemensko–rasadnička proizvodnja u BiH–Aktualno stanje i perspektive, Brčko (pp. 81-84). (In Croatian)
Ballian, D., Škvorc, Ž., Franjić, J., Kajba, D., Bogdan, S., & Bogunić, F. (2005a). Procjena nekih morfoloških značajki munike (Pinus heldreichii Christ.) u dijelu areala. Šumarski list, 129(9-10), 475-480. (In Croatian)
Ballian, D., Bogunić, F., & Konnert, M. (2005b). Uspoređivanje molekularno genetičkih svojstava sjemenskih plantaža običnog bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) u Bosni i Hercegovini. Radovi Šumarskog Instituta Jastrebarsko, 41(2), 7-16. (In Croatian)
Ballian, D. (2008). Genetika sa oplemenjivanjem šumskog drveća – priručnik sa teorijskim osnovama. Šumarski fakultet Univerziteta u Sarajevu – INGEB Sarajevo. (In Croatian)
Ballian, D., Mujanović, E., & Čabaravdić, A. (2009). Varijabilnosti običnog bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) u pokusu provenijencija Glasinac – Sokolac (Bosna i Hercegovina). Šumarski list, 133(11/12), 577-588. (In Croatian)
Ballian, D. & Kajba, D. (2011). Oplemenjivanje šumskog drveća i očuvanje njegove genetske raznolikosti. University textbook. (In Croatian)
Ballian, D. (2013). Genetic overload of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) from five populations from central Bosnia and Herzegovina. Folia Forestalia Polonica, 55(2), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2013-0006
Ballian, D., & Halilović, V. (2016). Varijabilnost obične jele (Abies alba Mill.) u Bosni i Hercegovini. Udruženje inženjera i tehničara šumarstva Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine. (In Croatian)
Ballian, D., & Memišević Hodžić, M. (2016). Varijabilnost hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur L.) u Bosni i Hercegovini. UŠIT-Silva Slovenica. (In Croatian)
Ballian, D., & Božič, G. (2018). Biokemijska varijabilnost smreke (Picea abies Karst.) u Bosni i Hercegovini. Udruženje inženjera i tehničara šumarstva Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine. (In Croatian)
Ballian, D., & Memišević Hodžić, M. (2023a). Struktura sjemenskih sastojina u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine i njihove perspektive. Naše Šume, 21(70/71), 16-24. (In Croatian)
Ballian, D., & Memišević Hodžić, M. (2023b). Kvalitet sjemenskih sastojina bijelog bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) i crnog bora (Pinus nigra Arnold) u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine. Radovi Univerziteta u Sarajevu – Šumarskog Fakulteta, 53(2), 12-25. https://doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2023.v53.i2.574 (In Croatian)
Ballian, D., & Memišević Hodžić, M. (2024). Analysis of qualitative indicators of Norway spruce and silver fir seed stands in the federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. SEEFOR, 15(2), 117-130, https://doi.org/10.15177/seefor.24-13
Council of the European Union. (2000). DIREKTIVA VIJEĆA 1999/105/EZ od 22. prosinca 1999. o stavljanju na tržište šumskog reprodukcijskog materijala. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HR/%20TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:31999L0105&from=GA (In Croatian)
Dizdarević, H., Prolić, N., Mekić, F., Mikić, T., Večetić, M., Miloslavić, L., Pintarić, K., Luteršek, D., Gavrilović, D., Uščuplić, M., Lazarev, V., Vukorep, I., Vrljičak, J., & Stefanović, V. (1987). Revizija postojećih i izdvajanje novih sjemenskih sastojina i proučavanje bioloških karakteristika smrče, jele, bijelog i crnog bora u funkciji proizvodnje kvalitetnog sjemena za potrebe šumarstva SR BiH. Šumarski Fakultet u Sarajevu. (In Croatian)
EUFORGEN. (n.d.). Pinus heldreichii. Retrieved Feb 25, 2026, from https://www.euforgen.org/species/pinus-heldreichii
Federalno Ministarstvo Poljoprivrede, Vodoprivrede i Šumarstva. (2024). Registar objekata za proizvodnju sjemena i šumskih i hortikulturnih vrsta drveća i grmlja. Retrieved Feb 25, 2026, from https://fmpvs.gov.ba/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/14-sjemenski-objekti-3juni2024.pdf (In Croatian)
Federalno Ministarstvo Poljoprivrede, Vodoprivrede i Šumarstva. (n.d.). Registri u šumarstvu. Retrieved Feb 25, 2026, from https://fmpvs.gov.ba/registri-u-sumarstvu/ (In Croatian)
Guzina, V. (1981). The genetics of European aspen (Populus tremula L.). Anali za Šumarstvo, 1(9), 1-38.
Konnert, M., Fady, B., Gömöry, D., A’Hara, S., Wolter, F., Ducci, F., Koskela, J., Bozzano, M., Maaten, T., & Kowalczyk, J. (2015). Use and transfer of forest reproductive material in Europe in the context of climate change. European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN), Bioversity International, Rome, Italy. xvi and, 75.
Mataruga, M., Isajev, V., Orlović, S., Đurić, G., Brujić, J., Daničić, V., Cvetković, B., Ćopić, M., & Balotić, P. (2014). Program očuvanja šumskih genetičkih resursa Republike Srpske 2013-2025. godina. Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede u Vladi Republike Srpske, Banja Luka. (In Serbian)
Mataruga, M., Ballian, D., Terzić, R., Daničić, V., & Cvjetković, B. (2019). State of forests in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ecological and vegetation distribution, management and genetic variability. In: M. Šijačić-Nikolić, J. Milovanović, M. Nonić (Eds.), Forests of Southeast Europe under a changing climate (pp. 3-19). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95267-3_1
Memišević Hodžić, M., Hajrudinović-Bogunić, A., Bogunić, F., Marku, V., & Ballian, D. (2020). Geographic variation of Pinus heldreichii Christ from the Western Balkans based on cone and seed morphology. Dendrobiology, 84, 81-93. https://doi.org/10.12657/denbio.084.007
Meštrović, A. (2007). Prirodno širenje munike (Pinus heldreichii Christ) i formiranje pionirskih sastojina na planini Čvrsnici u Hercegovini. Šumarski List, 131(9-10), 435-452. (In Croatian)
Oliver, C. D., & Larson, B. A., (1996). Forest stand dynamics. Formerly published by John Wiley & Sons; Copyright now held by C. D. Oliver & B. A. Larson.
Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. (2005). Zakon: O sjemenu i sadnom materijalu šumskih i hortikulturnih vrsta drveća i grmlja. https://www.fbihvlada.gov.ba/bosanski/zakoni/2005/zakoni/41bos.htm (In Croatian)
Petrík, P., Kurjak, D., & Houšková, K. (2025). Pinus cembra. In: Best practices for producing high quality seedlings and establishing main European tree species. In J. A. Stanturf, P. Villar-Salvador, B. Mariotti, V. Ivetić, P. Madsen, A. Montagnoli, E. Andivia, I. Bebre, A. Dimitrova & M. Klisz (Eds.), Guidelines for climate adaptive forest restoration and reforestation projects (pp. 529-536). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2023-0-52775-2
Shigo, A. L. (1984). Compartmentalization: A conceptual framework for understanding how trees grow and defend themselves. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 22, 189-214. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.22.090184.001201
Stefanović, V., Beus, V., Burlica, Č., Dizdarević, H., & Vukorep, I., (1983). Ekološko-vegetacijska rejonizacija Bosne i Hercegovine. Radovi Šumarskog Fakulteta Univerziteta U Sarajevu, 17(1), 1-83. https://doi.org/10.54652/rsf.1983.v1.i17.275 (In Croatian)
Vendramin, G. G., Fineschi, S., & Fady, B. (2008). Bosnian pine (Pinus heldreichii syn. Pinus leucodermis). EUFORGEN Technical Guidelines for Genetic Conservation and Use.
Vidaković, M. & Krstinić, A. (1985). Genetika i oplemenjivanje šumskog drveća. Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Šumarski fakultet, University textbook. (In Croatian)
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dalibor Ballian, Benjamin Jukić, Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
